Click the button. The Moon disappears tonight. Here is what happens next.
The Moon does three things for Earth. First, it creates tides. The Sun also creates tides, but they are one third as strong. Without the Moon, tides would drop to a third of their current height. Coastal ecosystems would collapse. Intertidal zones, where life may have first moved onto land, would shrink to nothing.
Second, the Moon stabilizes Earth's axial tilt. Right now Earth tilts 23.5 degrees, and it wobbles by only a degree or two over 40,000 years. That gives us seasons. Without the Moon, the tilt would wander chaotically. It could go to zero, or to 85 degrees. One ice age covers the whole planet. The next, the poles point at the Sun. Climate would be unlivable for long stretches.
Third, the Moon slows Earth's rotation. Without it, Earth would spin much faster. A day would be 8 to 10 hours. Winds would be far stronger. Storms would be constant. Life would have evolved to handle 8-hour days, but humans would not exist. The slow, 24-hour day gave us the conditions for complex life.
We would lose total solar eclipses forever. The Moon is exactly the right size and distance to cover the Sun. That coincidence will not last. In 600 million years, the Moon will be too far. But if it vanished tonight, eclipses would just stop. We would never see another. We would also lose the brightest night light. Nights would be very dark. Astronomers would be happy. Everyone else would notice.
Yes. The Moon steals angular momentum from Earth's rotation. Remove the Moon, and the stolen momentum stays. Earth would spin faster. Estimates suggest an 8-10 hour day. It would not happen instantly, but over thousands of years.
We would have seasons, but they would be chaotic. Earth's tilt would not stay at 23.5 degrees. Without the Moon's stabilizing gravity, the tilt would vary wildly over millions of years. Mars, which has no large Moon, has a tilt that varies from 10 to 60 degrees.
Simple life would survive. Complex life might not. The chaotic climate and fast rotation would make evolution very difficult. We owe our existence, in part, to the Moon. It is not just a pretty rock.
Werewolves would no longer have a reason. The full moon would be gone. Hollywood would need a new plot device.